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Prayagraj · Magh Mela 2027 · First visit

First-Time Visitor Guide to Magh Mela 2027

KumbhMela.info Editorial TeamChecked on Tue 20 Oct 2026

For a first visit to the Magh Mela at the Sangam in Prayagraj, plan in this order: pick your bathing day, plan the trip to Prayagraj and the last stretch to the river separately, choose where to stay, learn what happens at the ghat, pack for cold mornings, and check official notices again just before you leave.

ExpectedChecked on Tue 20 Oct 2026

The dates come from the Hindu calendar (Tirth panchang) and a Government of India tourism listing. Trains, buses and flights were checked on Indian Railways' NTES, UPSRTC's booking site and the Airports Authority of India on 20 October 2026. Arrangements at the river are from the 2025 Maha Kumbh and the 2026 Magh Mela, because the 2027 plans have not been published. Rituals are described as tradition.

Magh Mela 2027 is expected from Friday 15 January to Saturday 6 March 2027, with six main bathing days. The Prayagraj Mela Authority has not yet published its list, so book only what you can change or cancel.

Also asked as Magh Mela mein pehli baar? Snan ka din chuniye, Sangam tak aakhri raasta paidal chalne ki tayari rakhiye aur subah ki thand ke liye garam kapde le jaiye.

Six steps for your first visit

Each step links to the page with the detail.

  1. Pick your bathing daySix main bathing days are expected, from Makar Sankranti on 15 January to Mahashivratri on 6 March 2027. All six stay Expected until the mela authority lists them. See the Magh Mela 2027 dates.
  2. Plan the trip and the last stretch separatelyTrains, buses and flights bring you to Prayagraj. The last few kilometres to the Sangam work differently on the main bathing days. Read how to reach Prayagraj.
  3. Choose a stay you can changeStay in a camp on the mela ground or in the city. No camp list for 2027 has been published. Compare the options in where to stay.
  4. Learn what happens at the ghatBy tradition, pilgrims bathe at the Sangam, pray with a priest and give daan. Read the Sangam guide and the snan guide.
  5. Pack for cold morningsJanuary mornings at Prayagraj are cold. Carry warm layers and a dry change of clothes in a waterproof bag. Our packing list has the basics.
  6. Check again before you leaveDates, trains and river arrangements are announced late. Check the official sources a day or two before you travel, as set out at the end of this guide.

Choosing your bathing day

The mela authority writes that, by tradition, a dip on any day of the mela from Makar Sankranti is holy, and that some days are especially auspicious. These are the six main days expected in 2027, from the Hindu calendar.

  • Makar Sankranti, Friday 15 January. The Sun moves into Makara. The mela authority calls it the day when daan, charitable giving, begins at the mela. More about this day
  • Paush Purnima, Friday 22 January. The full moon of Paush. By tradition, kalpvas, the month of simple living by the river, begins. More about this day
  • Mauni Amavasya, Saturday 6 February. The new moon of Magha, kept with a vow of silence by tradition. The mela authority treats it as the main bathing day of the season. More about this day
  • Basant Panchami, Thursday 11 February. The turn of the season towards spring, and the day of Saraswati. Kalpvasis wear yellow, the mela authority says. More about this day
  • Maghi Purnima, Saturday 20 February. The full moon of Magha and, by tradition, the last day of kalpvas. More about this day
  • Mahashivratri, Saturday 6 March. The great night of Shiva and the last main bath of the season. More about this day

Choose by what the day means to your family and how many days you can stay. To see the kalpvasis’ camps in use, come between Paush Purnima and Maghi Purnima, 22 January to 20 February 2027 by the calendar. Read kalpvas at the Magh Mela.

Some lists start the mela on 14 January, when the Sun enters Makara at night, and some on Paush Purnima. Our Magh Mela 2027 page explains why. Four of the six days are also bathing days of Haridwar Kumbh 2027, so check which mela a forwarded date is for.

  1. January 2027
    15Fri
    Makar Sankrantiमकर संक्रांतिPausha Shukla SaptamiSangamSunrise 6:50 am
    Expected
  2. January 2027
    22Fri
    Paush Purnimaपौष पूर्णिमाPausha PurnimaSangamSunrise 6:49 am
    Expected
  3. February 2027
    6Sat
    Mauni Amavasyaमौनी अमावस्याMagha AmavasyaSangamSunrise 6:43 am
    Expected
  4. February 2027
    11Thu
    Basant Panchamiबसंत पंचमीMagha Shukla PanchamiSangamSunrise 6:40 am
    Expected
  5. February 2027
    20Sat
    Maghi Purnimaमाघी पूर्णिमाMagha Shukla Chaturdashi at sunriseSangamSunrise 6:34 am
    Expected
  6. March 2027
    6Sat
    Mahashivratriमहाशिवरात्रिPhalguna Krishna Trayodashi at sunriseSangamSunrise 6:21 am
    Expected

Sunrise at the bathing place, from the Tirth panchang. Bathing times are set by the mela administration, not by the panchang.

Getting to Prayagraj

Most pilgrims come by train. These are the ways in, as the official sources showed them on 20 October 2026.

  • Train. Indian Railways counts nine stations in the Prayagraj area. Prayagraj Junction (PRYJ) is the main one, but many trains stop only at another, such as Prayagraj Chheoki (PCOI), Subedarganj (SFG), Prayag (PRG), Phaphamau (PFM) or Prayagraj Sangam (PYGS). Check the station on your ticket, not only the city.
  • Air. Prayagraj Airport (IXD) is at Bamrauli, about 12 to 13 km from the city. AAI’s summer 2026 schedule, valid until 24 October at the latest, lists direct flights from Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Bhubaneswar. The winter schedule, which covers the mela, was not yet on AAI’s site.
  • Bus. UPSRTC runs buses from across Uttar Pradesh. For a sample date, 22 October 2026, its booking site showed 36 buses from Lucknow and 41 from Varanasi Cantt, and some from Ayodhya and Delhi.
  • Car. The mela authority’s 2025 guide gives 670 km from New Delhi by the Yamuna Expressway, 201 km from Lucknow and 121 km from Varanasi. In 2025, vehicles were kept out of a zone around the mela from the day before to the day after each main bathing day.

The how to reach Prayagraj page has train numbers and journey times from Delhi, Lucknow, Varanasi, Patna, Kolkata, Bhopal, Mumbai and Ayodhya. No special trains, and no official bus plan for Magh Mela 2027, had been announced on 20 October 2026.

The front of Prayagraj Junction railway station reflected in rainwater on the forecourt in the evening.Photo: Apurv013, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
Prayagraj Junction (PRYJ), the city's main station. Check the station on your ticket: many trains stop at other Prayagraj stations.

From the station to the Sangam

The Sangam is about 7 km from Civil Lines, the district says. The plan for the last stretch in 2027 has not been published; this is how recent melas worked.

  1. On ordinary daysAutos, e-rickshaws, cabs and city buses are available near the stations, according to the district. For 2027 the roadways plan 50 electric buses as a shuttle linking the main stations, temporary bus stations, parking and the Sangam bank, Amar Ujala reported on 25 September 2026.
  2. On main bathing daysExpect to walk. In 2025 the mela authority kept vehicles out of a zone around the mela from the day before to the day after each main bathing day, and parking was 1 to 2 km from the ghats.
  3. Across the riverTemporary pontoon bridges are laid across the river on the mela ground. The first tenders for 2027 included nine of them, Amar Ujala reported in August 2026.
  4. By boatBoats to the meeting point can be hired at the ghat near the fort, the district says. Boat routes for 2027 have not been published, so agree the trip and the return with the boatman before you step in.
  5. Find your sectorThe mela ground is divided into numbered sectors; the administration plans eight for 2027, up from seven. Note your camp’s sector and the nearest landmark.

Read the Sangam guide for the roads, boats and shrines near the bathing place.

Where pilgrims stay

There are two ways to stay: in a tent on the mela ground by the Sangam, or in the city. We do not name or rate any place.

  • Camps of the tirth purohits. The mela authority allots land to the Prayagwals, priestly families of Prayagraj, who set up tents and host their pilgrim families. Each flies a banner on a tall bamboo pole so that his pilgrims can find him.
  • Camps of akharas, saints and institutions. Religious institutions also get land on the mela ground. For 2027 the administration is preparing to allot plots to more than 5,000 institutions and others, Amar Ujala reported on 30 August 2026.
  • Tent cities. Tented cottages near the Sangam. In 2025 the mela authority listed them as run by UP Tourism-approved vendors. No list for 2027 has been published.
  • City hotels, lodges and dharamshalas. The district’s list is mostly in Civil Lines, about 7 km from the Sangam, with others on Leader Road and in Johnstonganj, Rambagh and Ashok Nagar.
  • Homestays. Rooms in local homes. The mela authority’s 2025 list had a homestay category.

Before you pay anyone, get the operator’s full name and address, the exact sector or street, and the dates and cancellation terms in writing. The government sites for Prayagraj end in .gov.in or .nic.in, and some websites use “Magh Mela” or “official” in their name without being run by the government. Use our booking check and read where to stay for Magh Mela 2027.

The Kumbh tent city at Prayagraj in 2019, seen from Shastri BridgePhoto: Balone21, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
The tent township on the mela ground at Prayagraj, seen from Shastri Bridge during the 2019 Kumbh

What happens at the ghat, by tradition

Families keep the snan in their own way. This is how the Prayagraj district and the mela authority describe the customs; the beliefs are tradition.

  1. Meet your family priestMany families go first to their tirth purohit, who keeps the family’s genealogy by area and family name, the mela authority says. In the order it describes, the rituals begin with a visit to Beni Madhava and a sankalp, a statement of intent.
  2. The dip at the SangamBy tradition, a bath where the rivers meet carries great merit. In mid-river, the district says, priests sit on small platforms and help pilgrims with puja and the ritual bath in the shallow water.
  3. Prayer on the bankAfter the bath, pilgrims worship on the riverbank and many listen to discourses by saints. Some float a lit lamp on a leaf on the water, the custom of deep daan.
  4. DaanGiving is part of the bath. The mela authority links Makar Sankranti with the start of daan at the mela; read what people give and why.
  5. AartiAartis are held on the banks of the Ganga and the Yamuna and at the Sangam, in the morning and the evening, the mela authority says.
  • Mundan and veni daan. The head is shaved, leaving the shikha, and the hair is offered at the Sangam. The mela authority calls veni daan an important ritual of Prayagraj.
  • Pind daan and shraddh for ancestors are done by a priest; Prayagraj has priests who specialise in them.
  • Silence on Mauni Amavasya, and yellow on Basant Panchami, kept by many kalpvasis.

At the water’s edge. Bathe only at the ghats the mela administration opens and the police direct you to, and stay within the marked limits. In 2025 the mela authority asked pilgrims not to use soap or detergent in the river or throw puja materials into it, and to use the dustbins.

Photos. Do not photograph people bathing or changing. In 2025 the police took action against social media accounts that shared such pictures from the Maha Kumbh. Ask before you photograph a sadhu.

Pilgrims taking a dip at the Sangam, PrayagrajPhoto: Ninara, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Pilgrims taking a dip at the Sangam, where the Ganga and the Yamuna meet

What to carry, by season

The mela runs from the cold end of winter into early spring. These are the India Meteorological Department’s 1991 to 2020 averages for its Prayagraj station at Bamrauli.

  • January: an average daily low of about 9 °C and a high of about 23 °C. Mornings at the river are cold. Pack several warm layers, a woollen cap, a shawl or muffler, and woollen socks.
  • February: a low of about 13 °C and a high of about 28 °C. Early mornings are still cool, so keep one warm layer for the bath.
  • Early March: a low of about 17 °C and a high of about 34 °C. For Mahashivratri on 6 March, light cotton clothes and a cap for the sun suit the day.
  • Rain is rare in this season: one or two rainy days a month, on average.

The bag for the bath

  1. A dry change of clothesKeep a full set, with a warm inner layer, in a waterproof bag so it stays dry on wet steps.
  2. A towel and a shawlA quick-dry towel, and a shawl or small blanket to wrap round you when you come out of the water.
  3. Slippers and bagsSlippers you can wash, a separate bag for wet clothes, and a cloth bag. In 2025 the mela authority asked pilgrims not to use plastic bags in the mela area.
  4. Papers and phonePhoto ID and a copy, your stay’s address and phone numbers written on paper, a charged power bank, and small notes and coins.

The full list is in our Kumbh packing list. Leave valuables at home; the mela authority’s 2025 advice was to travel light.

17 mm23°9°Jan18 mm28°13°Feb9 mm34°17°Mar
  • Average high
  • Average low
  • Average rainfall
MonthDay (average high)Night (average low)RainRainy days (2.5 mm or more)
January22.6°C9.2°C17 mm1.6
February27.6°C12.7°C17.6 mm1.5
March34°C17.2°C8.8 mm1

IMD climatological normals 1991-2020, Prayagraj station at Bamrauli. about 16 km west of the Sangam. These are long-term averages, not a forecast. Check the IMD forecast in the week you travel. IMD Climatological Tables 1991-2020, p. 309

How to follow official changes

The 2027 arrangements will come out in the weeks before the mela. Go by dated notices from the authority in charge, not forwarded messages or old screenshots.

  • Bathing days and the mela: the Prayagraj Mela Authority. Its website, kumbh.gov.in, still showed the 2025 Maha Kumbh on 20 October 2026, with no Magh Mela 2027 section.
  • District notices and helplines: the Prayagraj district at prayagraj.nic.in. It lists 112 for police emergencies and 1920 as the Prayagraj city helpline.
  • Trains: NTES and IRCTC for timetables, running status and any mela specials. For the 2026 mela, North Central Railway launched its Mela Rail Seva portal and app on 2 January 2026, the day before the first bath.
  • Buses: UPSRTC at upsrtc.up.gov.in, and its booking site, onlineupsrtc.co.in.
  • Flights: your airline, and AAI’s schedule for Prayagraj Airport.
  • Weather alerts: SACHET, the national alert service of the NDMA, by app or SMS.

When things came out last time. For the 2026 Magh Mela, the bathing dates were published with the roadways’ bus plan on 15 September 2025, the parking plan was set out in the Chief Minister’s review on 30 November 2025, and camp land was allotted from 2 December 2025. The first bath was on 3 January 2026.

We log each announcement, with its date and source, on the Magh Mela updates page and the date status board. For the real government websites and apps, see official Kumbh websites and apps.

The addresses on our list (8)
  • haridwarkumbh.uk.gov.in Haridwar Kumbh 2027, official website (Government of Uttarakhand)
  • haridwar.nic.in District Haridwar, Government of Uttarakhand
  • divcomnashik.maharashtra.gov.in Divisional Commissioner, Nashik (Kumbh Mela Authority pages)
  • nashik.gov.in District Nashik, Government of Maharashtra
  • ujjain.nic.in District Ujjain, Government of Madhya Pradesh
  • prayagraj.nic.in District Prayagraj, Government of Uttar Pradesh
  • kumbh.gov.in Maha Kumbh 2025 portal, Prayagraj Mela Authority
  • cybercrime.gov.in National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal (report fraud)

Checked on Fri 16 Oct 2026. Any address ending in .gov.in or .nic.in belongs to an Indian government office, but make sure it is the office you need.

Common first-time mistakes

  • Booking a trip you cannot change before the mela authority lists the bathing days.
  • Buying a “Prayagraj Kumbh 2027” tour. 2027 has the yearly Magh Mela; the next Kumbh at Prayagraj, an Ardh Kumbh, is expected in 2031. See Kumbh, Ardh Kumbh and Maha Kumbh.
  • Paying for a camp because a website says “official”.
  • Booking a train without checking which Prayagraj station it stops at.
  • Planning to drive to the river on a main bathing day.
  • Packing for the afternoon and forgetting the cold morning and a dry change of clothes.
  • Using soap in the river or leaving puja materials in the water.
  • Trusting a forwarded date or route instead of a dated notice from the authority.

What is confirmed, and what is not yet

For each detail still to come, what happened at the 2026 Magh Mela or the 2025 Maha Kumbh, and when it was announced.

Confirmed

Not announced yet

Checked on Tue 20 Oct 2026. Each item is added here, with its source, the day it is announced.

Questions people ask

Do I have to come on one of the six main bathing days?

No. The mela authority writes that, by tradition, a dip on any day of the mela from Makar Sankranti is holy, and that some days are especially auspicious. Choose by your family’s custom and how long you can stay.

Magh Mela mein pehli baar kitne din rukna chahiye?

That depends on your plan: one bathing day, or the month of kalpvas, 22 January to 20 February 2027 by the calendar. Keep a spare day either side for travel, because in 2025 vehicles were kept out of a zone around the mela from the day before to the day after each main bathing day. Read how long to stay.

Is there a registration or pass for Magh Mela 2027?

None had been announced on 20 October 2026. If the authority brings one in, use only the link it publishes, on a site ending in .gov.in or .nic.in, before you enter any personal details.

Can I take a boat to the Sangam?

Yes. The district says boats can be hired at the ghat near the fort. Boat routes for 2027 have not been published, so agree the trip and the return with the boatman before you step in.

Where next

How to reachTrains, buses, roads and the last stretch
Where to stayAreas, camps and what to check
Ghats and placesWhere the bathing happens

Sources

48 sources · checked 20 Oct 2026
  1. Culture & Heritage: Prayagraj (Annual Magh Mela) · District Prayagraj, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  2. Magh Mela 2027 · Incredible India, Ministry of Tourism, Government of India (listing credited to Uttar Pradesh Tourism) ·
  3. Prayagraj Mela Authority · Division Prayagraj, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  4. Panchang: tithi, sunrise and lunar month · TravNext Tech Private Limited (Tirth.com) ·
  5. Festivals 2027 (Tirth spiritual calendar): Makara Sankranti, Mauni Amavasya, Vasant Panchami and Maha Shivaratri, re-checked 18 October 2026 · TravNext Tech Private Limited (Tirth.com) ·
  6. Festivals 2027 and festival pages: Makara Sankranti, Maha Shivaratri, Chaitra Navratri, Mesha Sankranti, Rama Navami (Tirth spiritual calendar) · TravNext Tech Private Limited (Tirth.com) ·
  7. Bathing Dates: Maha Kumbh 2025, descriptions of Mauni Amavasya and Basant Panchami · Prayagraj Mela Authority, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  8. Bathing Dates: Maha Kumbh 2025, descriptions of Paush Purnima, Makar Sankranti, Maghi Purnima and Maha Shivaratri · Prayagraj Mela Authority, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  9. President and Prime Minister extend greetings to the nation on occasion of Basant Panchami and Saraswati Puja · News On AIR (All India Radio News, Prasar Bharati) ·
  10. Mauni Amavasya 2026: साधु आखिर क्यों साध लेते हैं चुप्पी? (Why do sadhus keep silence on Mauni Amavasya?) · Navbharat Live (Preeti Sharma) ·
  11. Rituals of Kumbh: Snan (Maha Kumbh 2025 official website) · Prayagraj Mela Authority ·
  12. The Beginning of Maha Kumbh 2025: A Grand Spiritual Spectacle · Press Information Bureau / Ministry of Culture, Government of India ·
  13. Snan and Events: Haridwar Kumbh 2027 (official website) · Haridwar Kumbh Mela administration, Government of Uttarakhand ·
  14. Prayagraj: Magh Mela 2027 first meeting sets the outline of preparations; 54 tenders, mela area to grow (Hindi) · Amar Ujala (Vinod Singh, Amar Ujala Network, Prayagraj) ·
  15. National Train Enquiry System (NTES): station names and codes for Prayagraj · Indian Railways (Centre for Railway Information Systems) ·
  16. Union Railway Minister inaugurated a war room at Rail Bhavan to monitor nine Prayagraj region stations via 1,186 CCTV cameras · Press Information Bureau, Government of India (Ministry of Railways) ·
  17. National Train Enquiry System (NTES): trains between stations to Prayagraj from Delhi, Lucknow, Varanasi and Ayodhya · Indian Railways (Centre for Railway Information Systems) ·
  18. National Train Enquiry System (NTES): trains between stations to Prayagraj from Patna, Kolkata, Bhopal and Mumbai · Indian Railways (Centre for Railway Information Systems) ·
  19. National Train Enquiry System (NTES): schedules of 22177, 12321, 12322, 12141 and 13202 (Prayagraj Chheoki stops) · Indian Railways (Centre for Railway Information Systems) ·
  20. How to Reach (Plan your trip) · District Prayagraj, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  21. Prayagraj Airport · Airports Authority of India ·
  22. Flight Schedule, Prayagraj Airport (summer 2026) · Airports Authority of India ·
  23. Depots and Bus Stations · Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation ·
  24. UPSRTC Online Reservation: bus search to Prayagraj for 22 October 2026 · Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation ·
  25. Visitor Guide: How to visit Prayagraj (Maha Kumbh 2025 official website) · Prayagraj Mela Authority, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  26. How to Reach (Maha Kumbh 2025 official website) · Prayagraj Mela Authority, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  27. Traffic Plan (Maha Kumbh 2025 official website) · Prayagraj Mela Authority, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  28. Prayagraj: 50 electric buses to ease pilgrims' journeys at the Magh Mela; shuttle service (Hindi) · Amar Ujala (Vinod Singh, Prayagraj) ·
  29. Places of Interest (Sangam, Allahabad Fort, Patalpuri and Akshaya Vat) · District Prayagraj, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  30. Prayagraj: Magh Mela preparations; map of mela roads to be prepared (Hindi) · Amar Ujala (Vinod Singh, Prayagraj) ·
  31. Spiritual Gurus: Prayagwal and Khak Chowk sections (Maha Kumbh 2025 official website) · Prayagraj Mela Authority, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  32. Where to Stay (Maha Kumbh 2025 official website) · Prayagraj Mela Authority, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  33. Accommodation (Hotel/Resort/Dharamsala) · District Prayagraj, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  34. I4C alerts public about online booking scams impersonating religious institutions and tourist services · Press Information Bureau, Government of India (Ministry of Home Affairs) ·
  35. Places to see (Maha Kumbh 2025 official website) · Prayagraj Mela Authority, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  36. Maha Kumbh Mela 2025: A Sacred Confluence of Faith, Culture and Spiritual Heritage (PDF backgrounder): satsang and discourses · Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Culture, Government of India ·
  37. Rituals of Kumbh (Maha Kumbh 2025 official website) · Prayagraj Mela Authority, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  38. Rituals of Kumbh: Veeni Daan, Aarti and Dev Pujan (Maha Kumbh 2025 official website) · Prayagraj Mela Authority, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  39. Do's and Don'ts (Maha Kumbh 2025 official website): river, waste and luggage items · Prayagraj Mela Authority, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  40. Maha Kumbh 2025 | Pictures of women bathing, changing clothes surface online; cops initiate action against social media handles · Deccan Herald (DHNS, with PTI inputs) ·
  41. Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020 (Ninth Edition) · India Meteorological Department, Climate Research and Services, Pune ·
  42. Maha Kumbh Mela 2025 official website (kumbh.gov.in), as it stood on 18 October 2026 · Prayagraj Mela Authority, Government of Uttar Pradesh ·
  43. District Prayagraj, Government of Uttar Pradesh: home page helplines and links · District Administration, Prayagraj (hosted by National Informatics Centre) ·
  44. Magh Mela 2026: 'Mela Rail Seva' app to help pilgrims (Hindi) · Aaj Tak (aajtak.in) ·
  45. SACHET, National Disaster Alert Portal: CAP integrated alert system, SMS, app and browser alerts · National Disaster Management Authority, Government of India (developed and maintained by C-DOT) ·
  46. Prayagraj: roadways to run 2,800 buses during the Magh Mela; temporary bus stations at Jhunsi and Naini (Hindi) · Amar Ujala (Vinod Singh, Prayagraj) ·
  47. Magh Mela 2026 to host 12-15 crore pilgrims says UP CM; preparation in full swing · Press Trust of India, via The Tribune ·
  48. Magh Mela 2026 preparations: from land allotment to traffic plan, the administration's master blueprint (Hindi) · Patrika (Mohd Danish, Prayagraj) ·